长部第 16 经

Tena kho pana samayena subhaddo nāma paribbājako kusinārāyaṁ paṭivasati.

Assosi kho subhaddo paribbājako:

“ajja kira rattiyā pacchime yāme samaṇassa gotamassa parinibbānaṁ bhavissatī”ti.

Atha kho subhaddassa paribbājakassa etadahosi:

“sutaṁ kho pana metaṁ paribbājakānaṁ vuḍḍhānaṁ mahallakānaṁ ācariyapācariyānaṁ bhāsamānānaṁ:

‘kadāci karahaci tathāgatā loke uppajjanti arahanto sammāsambuddhā’ti.

Ajjeva rattiyā pacchime yāme samaṇassa gotamassa parinibbānaṁ bhavissati.

Atthi ca me ayaṁ kaṅkhādhammo uppanno,

evaṁ pasanno ahaṁ samaṇe gotame, ‘pahoti me samaṇo gotamo tathā dhammaṁ desetuṁ, yathāhaṁ imaṁ kaṅkhādhammaṁ pajaheyyan’”ti.

Atha kho subhaddo paribbājako yena upavattanaṁ mallānaṁ sālavanaṁ, yenāyasmā ānando tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmantaṁ ānandaṁ etadavoca:

“sutaṁ metaṁ, bho ānanda, paribbājakānaṁ vuḍḍhānaṁ mahallakānaṁ ācariyapācariyānaṁ bhāsamānānaṁ:

‘kadāci karahaci tathāgatā loke uppajjanti arahanto sammāsambuddhā’ti.

Ajjeva rattiyā pacchime yāme samaṇassa gotamassa parinibbānaṁ bhavissati.

Atthi ca me ayaṁ kaṅkhādhammo uppanno—

evaṁ pasanno ahaṁ samaṇe gotame ‘pahoti me samaṇo gotamo tathā dhammaṁ desetuṁ, yathāhaṁ imaṁ kaṅkhādhammaṁ pajaheyyan’ti.

Sādhāhaṁ, bho ānanda, labheyyaṁ samaṇaṁ gotamaṁ dassanāyā”ti.

Evaṁ vutte, āyasmā ānando subhaddaṁ paribbājakaṁ etadavoca:

“alaṁ, āvuso subhadda, mā tathāgataṁ viheṭhesi, kilanto bhagavā”ti.

Dutiyampi kho subhaddo paribbājako …pe…

tatiyampi kho subhaddo paribbājako āyasmantaṁ ānandaṁ etadavoca:

“sutaṁ metaṁ, bho ānanda, paribbājakānaṁ vuḍḍhānaṁ mahallakānaṁ ācariyapācariyānaṁ bhāsamānānaṁ:

‘kadāci karahaci tathāgatā loke uppajjanti arahanto sammāsambuddhā’ti.

Ajjeva rattiyā pacchime yāme samaṇassa gotamassa parinibbānaṁ bhavissati.

Atthi ca me ayaṁ kaṅkhādhammo uppanno—

evaṁ pasanno ahaṁ samaṇe gotame, ‘pahoti me samaṇo gotamo tathā dhammaṁ desetuṁ, yathāhaṁ imaṁ kaṅkhādhammaṁ pajaheyyan’ti.

Sādhāhaṁ, bho ānanda, labheyyaṁ samaṇaṁ gotamaṁ dassanāyā”ti.

Tatiyampi kho āyasmā ānando subhaddaṁ paribbājakaṁ etadavoca:

“alaṁ, āvuso subhadda, mā tathāgataṁ viheṭhesi, kilanto bhagavā”ti.

Assosi kho bhagavā āyasmato ānandassa subhaddena paribbājakena saddhiṁ imaṁ kathāsallāpaṁ.

Atha kho bhagavā āyasmantaṁ ānandaṁ āmantesi:

“alaṁ, ānanda, mā subhaddaṁ vāresi, labhataṁ, ānanda, subhaddo tathāgataṁ dassanāya.

Yaṁ kiñci maṁ subhaddo pucchissati, sabbaṁ taṁ aññāpekkhova pucchissati, no vihesāpekkho.

Yañcassāhaṁ puṭṭho byākarissāmi, taṁ khippameva ājānissatī”ti.

Atha kho āyasmā ānando subhaddaṁ paribbājakaṁ etadavoca:

“gacchāvuso subhadda, karoti te bhagavā okāsan”ti.

Atha kho subhaddo paribbājako yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavatā saddhiṁ sammodi, sammodanīyaṁ kathaṁ sāraṇīyaṁ vītisāretvā ekamantaṁ nisīdi. Ekamantaṁ nisinno kho subhaddo paribbājako bhagavantaṁ etadavoca:

“yeme, bho gotama, samaṇabrāhmaṇā saṅghino gaṇino gaṇācariyā ñātā yasassino titthakarā sādhusammatā bahujanassa,

seyyathidaṁ—pūraṇo kassapo, makkhali gosālo, ajito kesakambalo, pakudho kaccāyano, sañcayo belaṭṭhaputto, nigaṇṭho nāṭaputto,

sabbete sakāya paṭiññāya abbhaññiṁsu, sabbeva na abbhaññiṁsu, udāhu ekacce abbhaññiṁsu, ekacce na abbhaññiṁsū”ti?

“Alaṁ, subhadda, tiṭṭhatetaṁ:

‘sabbete sakāya paṭiññāya abbhaññiṁsu, sabbeva na abbhaññiṁsu, udāhu ekacce abbhaññiṁsu, ekacce na abbhaññiṁsū’ti.

Dhammaṁ te, subhadda, desessāmi;

taṁ suṇāhi sādhukaṁ manasikarohi, bhāsissāmī”ti.

“Evaṁ, bhante”ti kho subhaddo paribbājako bhagavato paccassosi.

Bhagavā etadavoca:

“Yasmiṁ kho, subhadda, dhammavinaye ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo na upalabbhati, samaṇopi tattha na upalabbhati. Dutiyopi tattha samaṇo na upalabbhati. Tatiyopi tattha samaṇo na upalabbhati. Catutthopi tattha samaṇo na upalabbhati.

Yasmiñca kho, subhadda, dhammavinaye ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo upalabbhati, samaṇopi tattha upalabbhati, dutiyopi tattha samaṇo upalabbhati, tatiyopi tattha samaṇo upalabbhati, catutthopi tattha samaṇo upalabbhati.

Imasmiṁ kho, subhadda, dhammavinaye ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo upalabbhati, idheva, subhadda, samaṇo, idha dutiyo samaṇo, idha tatiyo samaṇo, idha catuttho samaṇo, suññā parappavādā samaṇebhi aññehi.

Ime ca, subhadda, bhikkhū sammā vihareyyuṁ, asuñño loko arahantehi assāti.

Ekūnatiṁso vayasā subhadda,

Yaṁ pabbajiṁ kiṅkusalānuesī;

Vassāni paññāsa samādhikāni,

Yato ahaṁ pabbajito subhadda;

Ñāyassa dhammassa padesavattī,

Ito bahiddhā samaṇopi natthi.

Dutiyopi samaṇo natthi.

Tatiyopi samaṇo natthi.

Catutthopi samaṇo natthi.

Suññā parappavādā samaṇebhi aññehi.

Ime ca, subhadda, bhikkhū sammā vihareyyuṁ, asuñño loko arahantehi assā”ti.

Evaṁ vutte, subhaddo paribbājako bhagavantaṁ etadavoca:

“abhikkantaṁ, bhante, abhikkantaṁ, bhante.

Seyyathāpi, bhante, nikkujjitaṁ vā ukkujjeyya, paṭicchannaṁ vā vivareyya, mūḷhassa vā maggaṁ ācikkheyya, andhakāre vā telapajjotaṁ dhāreyya: ‘cakkhumanto rūpāni dakkhantī’ti; evamevaṁ bhagavatā anekapariyāyena dhammo pakāsito.

Esāhaṁ, bhante, bhagavantaṁ saraṇaṁ gacchāmi dhammañca bhikkhusaṅghañca.

Labheyyāhaṁ, bhante, bhagavato santike pabbajjaṁ, labheyyaṁ upasampadan”ti.

“Yo kho, subhadda, aññatitthiyapubbo imasmiṁ dhammavinaye ākaṅkhati pabbajjaṁ, ākaṅkhati upasampadaṁ, so cattāro māse parivasati. Catunnaṁ māsānaṁ accayena āraddhacittā bhikkhū pabbājenti upasampādenti bhikkhubhāvāya.

Api ca mettha puggalavemattatā viditā”ti.

“Sace, bhante, aññatitthiyapubbā imasmiṁ dhammavinaye ākaṅkhantā pabbajjaṁ ākaṅkhantā upasampadaṁ cattāro māse parivasanti, catunnaṁ māsānaṁ accayena āraddhacittā bhikkhū pabbājenti upasampādenti bhikkhubhāvāya. Ahaṁ cattāri vassāni parivasissāmi, catunnaṁ vassānaṁ accayena āraddhacittā bhikkhū pabbājentu upasampādentu bhikkhubhāvāyā”ti.

Atha kho bhagavā āyasmantaṁ ānandaṁ āmantesi:

“tenahānanda, subhaddaṁ pabbājehī”ti.

“Evaṁ, bhante”ti kho āyasmā ānando bhagavato paccassosi.

Atha kho subhaddo paribbājako āyasmantaṁ ānandaṁ etadavoca:

“lābhā vo, āvuso ānanda; suladdhaṁ vo, āvuso ānanda,

ye ettha satthu sammukhā antevāsikābhisekena abhisittā”ti.

Alattha kho subhaddo paribbājako bhagavato santike pabbajjaṁ, alattha upasampadaṁ.

Acirūpasampanno kho panāyasmā subhaddo eko vūpakaṭṭho appamatto ātāpī pahitatto viharanto nacirasseva—yassatthāya kulaputtā sammadeva agārasmā anagāriyaṁ pabbajanti—tadanuttaraṁ brahmacariyapariyosānaṁ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṁ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja vihāsi.

“Khīṇā jāti, vusitaṁ brahmacariyaṁ, kataṁ karaṇīyaṁ, nāparaṁ itthattāyā”ti abbhaññāsi.

Aññataro kho panāyasmā subhaddo arahataṁ ahosi.

So bhagavato pacchimo sakkhisāvako ahosīti.

Pañcamo bhāṇavāro.

35. Tathāgatapacchimavācā

Atha kho bhagavā āyasmantaṁ ānandaṁ āmantesi:

“siyā kho panānanda, tumhākaṁ evamassa:

‘atītasatthukaṁ pāvacanaṁ, natthi no satthā’ti.

Na kho panetaṁ, ānanda, evaṁ daṭṭhabbaṁ.

Yo vo, ānanda, mayā dhammo ca vinayo ca desito paññatto, so vo mamaccayena satthā.

Yathā kho panānanda, etarahi bhikkhū aññamaññaṁ āvusovādena samudācaranti, na kho mamaccayena evaṁ samudācaritabbaṁ.

Theratarena, ānanda, bhikkhunā navakataro bhikkhu nāmena vā gottena vā āvusovādena vā samudācaritabbo.

Navakatarena bhikkhunā therataro bhikkhu ‘bhante’ti vā ‘āyasmā’ti vā samudācaritabbo.

Ākaṅkhamāno, ānanda, saṅgho mamaccayena khuddānukhuddakāni sikkhāpadāni samūhanatu.

Channassa, ānanda, bhikkhuno mamaccayena brahmadaṇḍo dātabbo”ti.

“Katamo pana, bhante, brahmadaṇḍo”ti?

“Channo, ānanda, bhikkhu yaṁ iccheyya, taṁ vadeyya.

So bhikkhūhi neva vattabbo, na ovaditabbo, na anusāsitabbo”ti.

Atha kho bhagavā bhikkhū āmantesi:

“siyā kho pana, bhikkhave, ekabhikkhussāpi kaṅkhā vā vimati vā buddhe vā dhamme vā saṅghe vā magge vā paṭipadāya vā, pucchatha, bhikkhave, mā pacchā vippaṭisārino ahuvattha:

‘sammukhībhūto no satthā ahosi, na mayaṁ sakkhimhā bhagavantaṁ sammukhā paṭipucchitun’”ti.

Evaṁ vutte, te bhikkhū tuṇhī ahesuṁ.

Dutiyampi kho bhagavā …pe…

tatiyampi kho bhagavā bhikkhū āmantesi:

“siyā kho pana, bhikkhave, ekabhikkhussāpi kaṅkhā vā vimati vā buddhe vā dhamme vā saṅghe vā magge vā paṭipadāya vā, pucchatha, bhikkhave, mā pacchā vippaṭisārino ahuvattha:

‘sammukhībhūto no satthā ahosi, na mayaṁ sakkhimhā bhagavantaṁ sammukhā paṭipucchitun’”ti.

Tatiyampi kho te bhikkhū tuṇhī ahesuṁ.

Atha kho bhagavā bhikkhū āmantesi:

“siyā kho pana, bhikkhave, satthugāravenapi na puccheyyātha. Sahāyakopi, bhikkhave, sahāyakassa ārocetū”ti.

Evaṁ vutte, te bhikkhū tuṇhī ahesuṁ.

Atha kho āyasmā ānando bhagavantaṁ etadavoca:

“acchariyaṁ, bhante, abbhutaṁ, bhante, evaṁ pasanno ahaṁ, bhante, imasmiṁ bhikkhusaṅghe, ‘natthi ekabhikkhussāpi kaṅkhā vā vimati vā buddhe vā dhamme vā saṅghe vā magge vā paṭipadāya vā’”ti.

“Pasādā kho tvaṁ, ānanda, vadesi, ñāṇameva hettha, ānanda, tathāgatassa. Natthi imasmiṁ bhikkhusaṅghe ekabhikkhussāpi kaṅkhā vā vimati vā buddhe vā dhamme vā saṅghe vā magge vā paṭipadāya vā.

Imesañhi, ānanda, pañcannaṁ bhikkhusatānaṁ yo pacchimako bhikkhu, so sotāpanno avinipātadhammo niyato sambodhiparāyaṇo”ti.

Atha kho bhagavā bhikkhū āmantesi:

“handa dāni, bhikkhave, āmantayāmi vo,

vayadhammā saṅkhārā appamādena sampādethā”ti.

Ayaṁ tathāgatassa pacchimā vācā.

36. Parinibbutakathā

Atha kho bhagavā paṭhamaṁ jhānaṁ samāpajji, paṭhamajjhānā vuṭṭhahitvā dutiyaṁ jhānaṁ samāpajji, dutiyajjhānā vuṭṭhahitvā tatiyaṁ jhānaṁ samāpajji, tatiyajjhānā vuṭṭhahitvā catutthaṁ jhānaṁ samāpajji, catutthajjhānā vuṭṭhahitvā ākāsānañcāyatanaṁ samāpajji, ākāsānañcāyatanasamāpattiyā vuṭṭhahitvā viññāṇañcāyatanaṁ samāpajji, viññāṇañcāyatanasamāpattiyā vuṭṭhahitvā ākiñcaññāyatanaṁ samāpajji, ākiñcaññāyatanasamāpattiyā vuṭṭhahitvā nevasaññānāsaññāyatanaṁ samāpajji, nevasaññānāsaññāyatanasamāpattiyā vuṭṭhahitvā saññāvedayitanirodhaṁ samāpajji.

Atha kho āyasmā ānando āyasmantaṁ anuruddhaṁ etadavoca:

“parinibbuto, bhante anuruddha, bhagavā”ti.

“Nāvuso ānanda, bhagavā parinibbuto, saññāvedayitanirodhaṁ samāpanno”ti.

Atha kho bhagavā saññāvedayitanirodhasamāpattiyā vuṭṭhahitvā nevasaññānāsaññāyatanaṁ samāpajji, nevasaññānāsaññāyatanasamāpattiyā vuṭṭhahitvā ākiñcaññāyatanaṁ samāpajji, ākiñcaññāyatanasamāpattiyā vuṭṭhahitvā viññāṇañcāyatanaṁ samāpajji, viññāṇañcāyatanasamāpattiyā vuṭṭhahitvā ākāsānañcāyatanaṁ samāpajji, ākāsānañcāyatanasamāpattiyā vuṭṭhahitvā catutthaṁ jhānaṁ samāpajji, catutthajjhānā vuṭṭhahitvā tatiyaṁ jhānaṁ samāpajji, tatiyajjhānā vuṭṭhahitvā dutiyaṁ jhānaṁ samāpajji, dutiyajjhānā vuṭṭhahitvā paṭhamaṁ jhānaṁ samāpajji, paṭhamajjhānā vuṭṭhahitvā dutiyaṁ jhānaṁ samāpajji, dutiyajjhānā vuṭṭhahitvā tatiyaṁ jhānaṁ samāpajji, tatiyajjhānā vuṭṭhahitvā catutthaṁ jhānaṁ samāpajji, catutthajjhānā vuṭṭhahitvā samanantarā bhagavā parinibbāyi.